← MuscleUp

Videnskabelige kilder

Al træningsteori og supplementviden i MuscleUp er baseret på peer-reviewed forskning.

💪Muskler og hypertrofi

Dose-response relationship between weekly resistance training volume and increases in muscle mass

Schoenfeld BJ, Ogborn D, Krieger JW (2017) — Journal of Sports Sciences

Higher weekly sets per muscle group lead to greater muscle growth — at least 10+ sets/week recommended.

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1210197

Strength and hypertrophy adaptations between low- vs. high-load resistance training

Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J, Ogborn D, Krieger JW (2016) — Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

Both low and high rep ranges produce hypertrophy, but heavy loads yield greater strength gains.

DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001785

Fundamentals of resistance training: progression and exercise prescription

Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA (2004) — Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

Progressive overload is the foundation of resistance training — increase load, volume or intensity over time.

DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000114440.17883.EF

A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength

Morton RW, Murphy KT, McKellar SR, et al. (2018) — British Journal of Sports Medicine

Protein supplementation improves muscle mass and strength with resistance training — up to ~1.6 g/kg/day.

DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097608

Effects of coffee and caffeine anhydrous on strength and sprint performance

Trexler ET, Smith-Ryan AE, Roelofs EJ, Hirsch KR, Mock MG (2014) — European Journal of Sport Science

Caffeine (3-6 mg/kg) improves strength, power and endurance during training.

DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1085097

Assessment of vitamin D concentration in non-supplemented professional athletes and healthy adults during the winter months

Close GL, Russell J, Cobley JN, et al. (2006) — Journal of Sports Sciences

Vitamin D deficiency is common among athletes and negatively affects muscle strength and immune function.

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2012.733822

🥩Ernæring og protein

A systematic review of dietary protein during caloric restriction in resistance trained lean athletes

Helms ER, Zinn C, Rowlands DS, Brown SR (2014) — International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

During caloric deficit, protein intake should increase to 2.3-3.1 g/kg to preserve muscle mass.

DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0054

A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength

Morton RW, Murphy KT, McKellar SR, et al. (2018) — British Journal of Sports Medicine

Protein supplementation improves muscle mass and strength with resistance training — up to ~1.6 g/kg/day.

DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097608

International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: protein and exercise

Campbell B, Kreider RB, Ziegenfuss T, et al. (2007) — Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

Active individuals should consume 1.4-2.0 g protein/kg/day for optimal adaptation.

DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-4-8

International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: protein and exercise

Jäger R, Kerksick CM, Campbell BI, et al. (2017) — Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

Optimal protein distribution is 0.25-0.55 g/kg per meal, spread across 3-4 daily meals.

DOI: 10.1186/s12970-017-0177-8

International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: nutrient timing

Kerksick CM, Arent S, Schoenfeld BJ, et al. (2018) — Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

Nutrient timing has moderate importance — total daily protein and calorie intake matters most.

DOI: 10.1186/s12970-017-0189-4

Protein supplementation augments the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to resistance-type exercise training

Cermak NM, Res PT, de Groot LC, Saris WH, van Loon LJ (2012) — American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Meta-analysis: Protein supplementation augments muscle mass and strength gains with resistance training.

DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.037556

💊Kosttilskud

A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength

Morton RW, Murphy KT, McKellar SR, et al. (2018) — British Journal of Sports Medicine

Protein supplementation improves muscle mass and strength with resistance training — up to ~1.6 g/kg/day.

DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097608

International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation

Kreider RB, Kalman DS, Antonio J, et al. (2017) — Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

Creatine is one of the most researched and safe supplements — improves strength, power and muscle mass.

DOI: 10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z

Water, hydration, and health

Popkin BM, D'Anci KE, Rosenberg IH (2010) — Nutrition Reviews

Even mild dehydration (1-2%) significantly reduces physical and cognitive performance.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00304.x

Effects of coffee and caffeine anhydrous on strength and sprint performance

Trexler ET, Smith-Ryan AE, Roelofs EJ, Hirsch KR, Mock MG (2014) — European Journal of Sport Science

Caffeine (3-6 mg/kg) improves strength, power and endurance during training.

DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1085097

Assessment of vitamin D concentration in non-supplemented professional athletes and healthy adults during the winter months

Close GL, Russell J, Cobley JN, et al. (2006) — Journal of Sports Sciences

Vitamin D deficiency is common among athletes and negatively affects muscle strength and immune function.

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2012.733822

International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: nutrient timing

Kerksick CM, Arent S, Schoenfeld BJ, et al. (2018) — Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

Nutrient timing has moderate importance — total daily protein and calorie intake matters most.

DOI: 10.1186/s12970-017-0189-4

The effects of pre versus post workout supplementation of creatine monohydrate on body composition and strength

Antonio J, Ciccone V (2014) — Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

BCAA supplementation may reduce muscle soreness and speed recovery after intense training.

DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-36

Protein supplementation augments the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to resistance-type exercise training

Cermak NM, Res PT, de Groot LC, Saris WH, van Loon LJ (2012) — American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Meta-analysis: Protein supplementation augments muscle mass and strength gains with resistance training.

DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.037556

⚙️Restitution

Sleep and muscle recovery: endocrinological and molecular basis for a new and promising hypothesis

Dattilo M, Antunes HK, Medeiros A, et al. (2011) — Medical Hypotheses

Sleep is critical for muscle recovery through growth hormone release and protein synthesis regulation.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.01.017

The effects of pre versus post workout supplementation of creatine monohydrate on body composition and strength

Antonio J, Ciccone V (2014) — Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

BCAA supplementation may reduce muscle soreness and speed recovery after intense training.

DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-36

😴Søvn

Sleep and muscle recovery: endocrinological and molecular basis for a new and promising hypothesis

Dattilo M, Antunes HK, Medeiros A, et al. (2011) — Medical Hypotheses

Sleep is critical for muscle recovery through growth hormone release and protein synthesis regulation.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.01.017

💧Hydrering

Water, hydration, and health

Popkin BM, D'Anci KE, Rosenberg IH (2010) — Nutrition Reviews

Even mild dehydration (1-2%) significantly reduces physical and cognitive performance.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00304.x